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2021-01-15
Pneumatic transmission and control technology is abbreviated as pneumatic. It uses compressed air as the working medium to transmit energy and signals. It is a technology that realizes various production processes and automatic control. It is an important part of the discipline of fluid power transmission and control. In recent decades, pneumatic transmission technology has been widely used in automation and labor-saving in industrial industries, and has played an extremely important role in promoting the development of automation.
Pneumatic has many advantages in practical application 1. Easy to use
As the working medium, air is available everywhere, and the source is convenient. After use, it is directly discharged into the atmosphere and will not pollute the environment. It is possible to set fewer or no return air ducts.
2. Easy system assembly
The use of quick couplings can be very simple for piping, so system assembly, maintenance and component replacement are relatively simple.
3. Good speed
The action is fast and the reaction is fast, and the required pressure and speed can be reached in a short time. Under certain overload operation, the safe operation of the system can be ensured, and overheating is not easy to occur.
4. Safe and reliable
Compressed air will not explode or catch fire, and use in flammable and explosive places does not require expensive explosion-proof facilities. It can be safely and reliably used in harsh environments such as flammable, explosive, dusty, radiation, strong magnetism, vibration, and shock.
5. Convenient storage
The air pressure has a high self-retaining ability, and the compressed air can be stored in the air tank and used at any time. Even if the compressor stops running and the air valve is closed, the pneumatic system can still maintain a stable pressure. Therefore, continuous operation of the compressor is not required.
6. Long-distance transmission
Due to the low viscosity of the air and the low flow resistance, the pressure loss along the air flow in the pipeline is small, which is conducive to the centralized supply of the medium and the long-distance transportation. Air is easily transported by pipeline regardless of the distance.
7. Capable of overload protection
Pneumatic mechanism and working parts can be overloaded and stopped, so there is no danger of overload.
8. Clean
Basically pollution-free, it is extremely important for the occasions that require high purification and pollution-free, such as food, printing, wood and textile industries, etc. Pneumatics have unique adaptability and are superior to hydraulic, electronic and electrical controls.
Pneumatic components-classification of cylinders Cylinders, as one of pneumatic components, have many classification methods. According to the way the compressed air exerts force on the piston, it can be divided into: single-acting cylinder and double-acting cylinder; according to the structural characteristics of the cylinder can be divided into: piston type, plunger and film type, etc. According to the function of the cylinder, it can be divided into: ordinary cylinder, film cylinder, impact cylinder, gas-liquid damping cylinder, gas-liquid booster cylinder, digital cylinder, servo cylinder, buffer cylinder, swing cylinder, heat-resistant cylinder, corrosion-resistant cylinder, low friction There are dozens of types of cylinders, high-speed cylinders, linear drive unit cylinders, modular drive mounted cylinders and pneumatic manipulator cylinders. Here, the editor of 100 Weier Education will introduce single-acting cylinders and double-acting cylinders in combination with the "Pneumatic Technology" course of 100 Weier Education and its three-dimensional interactive resources.
Double-acting cylinders Double-acting cylinders are generally composed of cylinder barrel, front cylinder head, rear cylinder head, piston, piston rod, seals, fasteners and other parts. The cylinder barrel and the front and rear cylinder heads are fastened by four screws. locking. There is a piston connected with the piston rod in the cylinder, and a piston sealing ring is installed on the piston. In order to prevent air leakage and the intrusion of external dust, a piston rod seal and a dust seal are installed on the front cylinder head. This double-acting cylinder is divided into two chambers by the piston: a rod chamber (referred to as head chamber or front chamber) and a rodless chamber (referred to as tail chamber or rear chamber). A chamber with a piston rod is called a rod cavity, and a chamber without a piston rod is called a rodless cavity.
When the compressed air is input from the air cap of the rodless cavity, if the force of the air pressure acting on the left end of the piston overcomes various reaction forces such as movement friction and load, when the piston advances, the air in the rod cavity passes through this end The air cap is expelled to extend the piston rod. Similarly, when compressed air is input from the air cap of the rod cavity, the piston rod retracts to the initial position. Through alternate air intake and exhaust from the rodless cavity and the rod cavity, the piston rod extends and retracts, and the cylinder realizes reciprocating linear motion.
The cylinder without a buffer device on the cylinder head is called an unbuffered cylinder, and the cylinder with a buffer device on the cylinder head is called a buffer cylinder. The buffer device is composed of a buffer throttle valve, a buffer plunger and a buffer seal ring. When the cylinder stroke is close to the end, due to the effect of the buffer device, it can prevent the high-speed moving piston from hitting the cylinder head.
Single-acting cylinder The single-acting cylinder inputs compressed air at one end of the cylinder head to extend (or retract) the piston rod, while the other end relies on spring force, dead weight or other external forces to restore the piston rod to its original position. Single-acting cylinders only need compressed air in the direction of movement, so half of the compressed air can be saved. Mainly used in clamping, retreating, blocking, pressing in, lifting and feeding operations.
According to the position of the return spring, the acting cylinder is divided into a pre-retracting cylinder and a pre-extending cylinder. When the spring is installed in the rod cavity, the initial position of the cylinder piston rod is in the retracted position due to the force of the spring. We call this type of cylinder a pre-retracted single-work
Use a cylinder; when the spring is installed in the rodless cavity, the initial position of the cylinder piston rod is the extended position, which is called a pre-extended cylinder.
This kind of cylinder is equipped with a return spring on the piston rod side, and a breathing air cap is opened on the front cylinder head. Otherwise, its structure is basically the same as the double-acting cylinder. The cylinder barrel and the front and rear cylinder heads are fixed by rolling riveting. The stroke of the single-acting cylinder is affected by the length of the built-in return spring. The stroke length is generally within 100mm.
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